Empirical studies on informal patient payments for health care services: a systematic and critical review of research methods and instruments
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Empirical studies on informal patient payments for health care services: a systematic and critical review of research methods and instruments
BACKGROUND Empirical evidence demonstrates that informal patient payments are an important feature of many health care systems. However, the study of these payments is a challenging task because of their potentially illegal and sensitive nature. The aim of this paper is to provide a systematic review and analysis of key methodological difficulties in measuring informal patient payments. METHO...
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Background: Out-of-pocket and informal payments are considered as 2 most important topics for equity in health care financing. Therfore, this study was conducted to systematically review and meta-analyze the status of these payments in Iran's health care system. Methods: Required data were collected through searching the following key terms: "Unofficial", "Informal ...
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Introduction Informal patient payments for healthcare are common in the Western Balkans, negatively affecting public health and healthcare. Aim To identify literature from the Western Balkans on what is known about informal patient payments and bought and brought goods, to examine their effects on healthcare and to determine what actions can be taken to tackle these payments. Methods After ...
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OBJECTIVES To study the nature and extent of evaluation research in occupational health services (OHSs). METHODS Literature review of evaluation research in OHSs. On the basis of a conceptual model of OHS evaluation, empirical studies are categorised into aspects of input, process, output, outcome, and OHS core activities. RESULTS Many methods to evaluate OHSs or OHS activities exist, depen...
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این مطالعه سعی دارد تا رابطه تفکر انتقادی و مهارت های شناختی را به عنوان دو عنصر مهم روانشناسی شناختی با کیفیت ترجمه متون ادبی و اقتصادی بررسی کند. صد دانشجوی سال آخر ترجمه که در مقطع کارشناسی مشغول به تحصیل هستند برای شرکت در این مطالعه انتخاب شدند و آزمون های تافل تفکر انتقادی و مهارت های شناختی از آنها گرفته شد. آزمون ترجمه ادبی و اقتصادی نیز برای تعیین سطح کیفیت ترجمه گرفته شد. یافته های حا...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: BMC Health Services Research
سال: 2010
ISSN: 1472-6963
DOI: 10.1186/1472-6963-10-273